Fortuin van Angola

Citations

1. [S414] H.F. Heese, Reg en Onreg (Kaapse Regspraak in die Agtiende Eeu) (Belville, South Africa: Instituut vir Historiese Navorsing, Universiteit van Wes-Kaapland, 1994), ISBN 1-86808-195-8, At his trial in 1714, Fortuin van Angola, was said to be 20 years old. Hereinafter cited as Reg en Onreg.
2. [S562] Precis of the archives of the Cape of Good Hope, W.A. van der Stel Journal, 1699-1732, H.C.V. Leibrandt; (Cape Town, South Africa: W. A. Richards & Sons, Government Printers, Castle Street, 1896), p.260: September1. -Maria Mouton, of Middelburg in Zealand, 24 years old, murdered her husband with the assistance of her paramour the slave Titus of Bengal. She is sentenced to be half strangled, after that to be scorched, and after that strangled until death. Titus to be empaled and to remain so, until death. After that his head and right hand are to be cut off and fixed on a pole, beyond the limits of his late master's property. Fortuin, an accomplice, is also to have his right hand cut off, and without receiving the coup de grace, is to be broken on the wheel. After that he is to be placed on a grating until death takes place. After that his head is to be cut off, and with his hand placed on a pole, together with the head and hand of Titus. After that the bodies are to be taken to the outside place of execution, and there left exposed to the air and the vultures. The properly of the woman is to be divided as follows:- A half of the half for the plaintiff, and the other half for the Orphan Chamber. Costs beforehand to be deducted.. Hereinafter cited as W.A. van der Stel Journal 1699-1732.
3. [S414] H.F. Heese, Reg en Onreg.
4. [S428] Website Wikipedia (www.wikipedia.org) "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_wheel; Breaking on the wheel was a form of torturous execution formerly in use, especially in ancient Greece (where it was originated), France, Germany, Sweden, and Russia.
   
   The wheel itself was similar to a large wooden wagon wheel, with many radial spokes, but a wheel was not always used.
   
   In France the condemned was placed on a cart-wheel and his or her limbs stretched out along the spokes, one by one over two sturdy wooden beams. The wheel was made to slowly revolve, and a large hammer or an iron bar was then applied to the limb over the gap between the beams, breaking the bones. This process was repeated several times per limb. Sometimes it was 'mercifully' ordered that the executioner should strike the criminal on chest and stomach, blows known as coups de grâce, which caused lethal injuries, leading to the end of the torture by death; without those, the broken man could take hours, even days, before shock and dehydration caused death. In France, a special grace, called the retentum, could be granted, by which the condemned was strangled after the second or third blow, or in special cases, even before the breaking began.
   
   Afterwards, the condemned's shattered limbs were woven ('braiden') through the spokes of the wheel which was then hoisted onto a tall pole, so that birds could eat the sometimes still-living individual."
5. [S150] Edited & augmented by GISA Originally compiled by J.A. Heese & R.T.J. Lombard, South African Genealogies 5 L-M, GISA SA Genealogies (Stellenbosch, South Africa: Genealogical Institute of South Africa, 1999), Page 704. Hereinafter cited as S.A. Genealogies 5 L-M.
6. [S156] Robert C-H Shell, Children of Bondage, A social history of the Slave Society at the Cape of Good Hope, 1652-1838 (1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2001: Witwatersrand University Press, 1994). Hereinafter cited as Children of Bondage.
7. [S34] J.A. Heese & R.T.J. Lombard, South African Genealogies 4 J-K (Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council, 1992), p.126. ...vermoor op 31.1.1714 deur sy vrou en twee van sy slawe .... Hereinafter cited as S.A. Genealogies 4 J-K.